0 Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
- 0.6 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.2 age
  - 5.3 Compliance
  - 5.4 Smoking
  - 5.5 Drug abuse
  - 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
  - 5.7 Parafunctions
  - 5.8 Diabetes
  - 5.9 Osteoporosis
  - 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
  - 5.11 Steroids
  - 5.12 Bisphosphonates
  - 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
  - 5.14 Radiotherapy
  - 5.15 Risk factors
1 Diagnostics
- 1.1 Clinical Assessment
  - 0.1 Lip line
  - 0.2 Mouth opening
  - 0.3 Vertical dimension
  - 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
  - 0.5 TMD
  - 0.6 Existing prosthesis
  - 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
  - 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
  - 1.1 Occlusion
  - 1.2 Alveolar atrophy and insufficiency
  - 1.3 Skeletal consequences of edentulism
  - 1.4 Head-neck cancer
- 1.3 Clinical diagnostic assessments
  - 2.1 Microbiology
  - 2.2 Salivary output
- 1.4 Diagnostic imaging
  - 3.1 Imaging overview
  - 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
  - 3.3 Panoramic
  - 3.4 CBCT
  - 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
  - 4.1 Prosthodontic guides overview
  - 4.2 Wax-up, arrangement, mock-up
  - 4.3 Splints and imaging for surgery
  - 4.4 Provisionals
2 Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
  - 0.1 Mucosally supported - Overview and important considerations
  - 0.2 Complete denture
  - 0.3 Immediate denture
  - 0.4 Occlusal schemes
- 2.2 Implant-retained/supported, general
  - 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
  - 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
  - 1.3 Time to function
  - 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
  - 1.5 Soft tissue management
  - 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
  - 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
  - 1.8 Need for grafting
  - 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
  - 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
    
    9.1 Digital treatment planning protocols, introduction
    
    9.2 Digital treatment planning protocols, NobelClinician
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
  - 2.1 Implant overdenture, overview
    
    0.1 Implant overdenture, introduction
    
    0.2 Overdenture retention devices, overview
  - 2.2 Secondary splinting
  - 2.3 Primary splinting
- 2.4 Implant prosthetics - fixed
  - 3.1 Fixed implant prosthesis, introduction
  - 3.2 Screw-retained restorations
    
    1.1 Screw-retained
    
    1.2 Implant-supported vs abutment-supported
  - 3.3 Cement-retained restorations
    
    2.1 Cement-retained
    
    2.2 Abutment materials
  - 3.4 Framework materials
    
    3.1 Framework materials
    
    3.2 Veneering with ceramic
    
    3.3 Veneering with Acrylic
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
3 Treatment Procedures
- 3.1 Surgical
  - 0.1 Surgical considerations
    
    0.1 Anesthesia
    
    0.2 Peri-operative care
    
    0.3 Post-operative care
    
    0.4 Flap-or flapless
    
    0.5 Wound closure
    
    0.6 Intra-operative complications
    
    0.7 Guided vs non-guided
    
    0.8 Semi-guided surgery with prosthetic template
    
    0.9 Guided surgery with drill guides
  - 0.2 Surgical protocols - general
    
    1.1 Crestal incision
    
    1.2 Choice of implant
    
    1.3 Parallel implant placement
    
    1.4 Tapered implant placement
    
    1.5 Insertion torque
    
    1.6 Insertion height
    
    1.7 Implant angulation
  - 0.3 Surgical protocols - mandible
    
    2.1 Implant placement with open flap procedure - mandible
    
    2.2 Grafting, mandible
  - 0.4 Surgical protocols - maxilla
    
    3.1 Implant placement - maxilla
    
    3.2 Grafting, maxilla
    
    3.3 Sinus lifting
    
    3.4 Zygomatic implants
    
    3.5 Pterygoid implants
    
    3.6 Problems and complications in maxillary implant surgery
- 3.2 Removable prosthetics
  - 1.1 Complete dentures
    
    0.1 Complete denture clinical protocol
    
    0.2 Complete denture impressions
    
    0.3 Complete denture - maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    0.4 Complete denture trial placement
    
    0.5 Complete denture placement
    
    0.6 Complete denture post-placement
  - 1.2 Implant overdentures
    
    1.1 Overdenture clinical protocol
    
    1.2 Implant overdenture impressions
    
    1.3 Implant overdenture maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    1.4 Implant overdenture trial placement
    
    1.5 Implant overdenture placement
    
    1.6 Implant overdenture post-placement
- 3.3 Fixed prosthetics
  - 2.1 Fixed implant prosthesis clinical protocol
  - 2.2 Impressions
    
    1.1 Impressions - overview
    
    1.2 Splinted vs unsplinted impression copings
    
    1.3 Open versus closed tray
    
    1.4 Parallel vs non-parallel
  - 2.3 Maxillo-mandibular relations
  - 2.4 Trial placement
  - 2.5 Framework trial placement
  - 2.6 Placement
  - 2.7 Post-placement
4 Aftercare
- 4.1 Surgical aftercare
  - 0.1 Medication
  - 0.2 Post-operative soft tissue management
  - 0.3 Suture removal
  - 0.4 Post-surgical recommendations
- 4.2 Prosthetic aftercare
  - 1.1 Esthetic and function check
  - 1.2 Provisionals / temporary prosthesis
  - 1.3 Oral hygiene instructions
  - 1.4 Occlusal guard
- 4.3 Post-treatment complications and management
  - 2.1 Bleeding
  - 2.2 Soft tissue and hard tissue
  - 2.3 Patient compliance / recall
  - 2.4 Biologic complications
  - 2.5 Esthetic complications
- 4.4 Recall visits and logistics
  - 3.1 Recall visits - overview
  - 3.2 Patient expectations
  - 3.3 General health check
  - 3.4 Professional oral hygiene
  - 3.5 Implant overdenture maintenance
  - 3.6 Occlusion check
  - 3.7 Probing
  - 3.8 Inflammation, infection
    
    7.1 Inflammation and infection - overview
    
    7.2 Infection, microbiological diagnostics
  - 3.9 Radiological control

治疗指南

全口义齿放置后

Key points

放置后就诊应包括评估义齿基托贴合情况、延伸情况、咬合情况、美齿效果、功能和舒适度
在适当情况下，应评估软组织和硬组织的愈合情况
在必要时应更换弹性重衬材料

放置后就诊 - 注意事项

在放置后就诊时，应再次检查在插入就诊时仔细评估的相同因素，并在必要时作出调整。需要检查义齿基托贴合情况、延伸情况、咬合情况、美观效果、功能、舒适度和整体患者满意度。同时，如果这些就诊是在术后（例如即刻义齿的情况），临床医师应评估软组织愈合情况和残留红肿情况。如果放置了弹性衬底，软组织的愈合和萎缩可能会导致义齿基托松脱，此时需要更换衬底。对于大多数弹性衬底，机械特性决定了其每 2-4 周需要更换一次。经过较长时间之后，当义齿基托随着持续的吸收和形态变化而松脱时，需要进行义齿基托的最终重衬。

患者反应

放置后就诊对于评估患者对美观效果的反应、检查患者对新修复体的适应能力以及确定活动修复体能否满足患者需要具有重要意义。有些患者最开始选择了活动修复体，但是配戴活动修复体体验日常生活后，他们希望改为种植体覆盖义齿或固定修复体。在这些情况下，可能需要重新设计种植体和修复体。无论患者是否喜欢全口义齿，修复体都起到了非常重要的作用，通过指导额外护理，可以增加患者满意的概率。

临床分类

Related articles

治疗指南

全口义齿试验放置

试验放置就诊对成功进行缺齿患者护理至关重要。

牙齿排列（结构）提供牙齿相对于每个缺齿牙颌的空间位置的有形方向索引。这种临床可视化解决了牙医和患者调解的美齿和技术注意事项。它在颌架上使用技工室准备的临时牙齿结构，从而模拟颌和牙齿接触面移动关系和移动情况。

试验放置就诊是牙医和患者第一次看到技工室中制作的结果；决定将是接受、修改或更改中的其中一个。这是患者第一次能够看到义齿外观的情况，应当让患者积极参与并为患者提供请求更改的机会。在执行其他临床步骤之前（例如处理义齿），双方应就临时蜡塑结果达到相互满意。

治疗计划

治疗指南

全口义齿放置

放置全口义齿需要注意许多细节，其中包括所有重要的临床事项，例如修复体贴合情况、义齿基托延伸情况、美观效果、咬合情况、患者舒适度和放置后的说明。此外，临床医师应就对全口义齿修复体的期望与患者进行清楚无误的沟通。

使用牙斑暴露剂介质确定义齿基托和粘膜之间的接触部位，可以评估修复体贴合情况。某些接触部位应当换下，例如鼻腭窝/门齿管和系带上方。上颌的主要应力承受区是牙槽嵴，两侧压力需要均匀分布。下颌的主要应力承受区是颊屏，义齿基托与该区域的两侧接触面不需要进行调整，除非在插入后就诊时发现义齿疼痛。

可拆卸义齿

治疗指南

全口义齿临床方案

带有活动修复体的缺齿患者若想成功实现口腔修复，需要认真遵守临床方案。现已成功引入了一些简化的方案。
使用包括下列大多数步骤或全部步骤的规程临床方案可以实现临床目标：
修复软组织健康。缺少大片附着的粘膜似乎不会对软组织健康产生不利影响。很少针对牙龈/粘膜移植手术作出规定。为了制作所需的石膏诊断模型，需要在库存托盘中制作不可逆性水胶体印模。
使用弹性材料制作定制印模托盘和最终印模，同时记录修复体的功能边缘延伸。然后浇注最终

可拆卸义齿

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