3-D imaging seems the best option unless clinical examination reveals an ample bone volume. The local bone texture may be clearly visible if cross-sectional images are available or it may be approximated from the trabecular pattern of 2-D images...

A clear definition of bone quality does not exist. It has been related to mechanical properties of the bone, such as elastic modulus, strength, stiffness, micro-damage, strain, the ability to adapt to specific loads, and the capability to remodel. A more...

The alveolar ridge is a portion of the jaws that develop in conjunction with tooth eruption. The volume and the shape of the alveolar ridge are determined by the shape of the teeth and their axis of eruption. Following tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge undergoes a dimensional...

Once an implant is placed in function, peri-implant mucosal changes had been postulated as an attempt of the mucosal tissue to establish a stable biological dimension. If the thickness of peri-implant mucosa is reduced, bone resorption occurs to reestablish the mucosal dimension...

Implant type and size should be based on site anatomy and the planned restoration. Inappropriate choice of implant length, implant diameter, implant neck configuration and surface properties may result in complications with surrounding...

NobelClinician software provides digital treatment planning by combining the information of two sources: A CBCT scan of the patient with a scan of the model and wax-up from a NobelProcera 2G scanner (Nobel Biocare AG). This special function and technique of merging...

.One of the fastest growing fields of implant dentistry is the utilization of computer tomography (CT) scan data and treatment planning software in conjunction with guided surgery for implant cases. Treatment planning for implant placement has evolved from a purely surgical...

 A surgical guide template is used during surgery as an aid for proper positioning of the implant in the bone. There are three design concepts based on the amount of surgical restriction offered by the surgical guide templates...

After finishing the phases of Patient assessment and Diagnostics, but before Treatment planning starts, a consensus must be reached between all parties on what the actual treatment will be. The patient must have enough information on possible...

Maintenance of the natural teeth is essential for both optimum oral health and the overall systemic health. There is increasing evidence that the loss of the permanent dentition has such a deleterious effect that there are increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes...

Clinicians who provide diagnostic imaging services should always consider the optimum imaging technique for the patient/procedure, even if this means referral to another center...

Following implant insertions in patients with residual dentition, the implant surfaces were colonized by the same bacteria present on the surfaces of the remaining teeth. Plaque accumulation at implants will result in the development of an inflammation at...

Inflammation around the implant can be limited to the soft tissue (mucositis) or involve the underlying bone tissue as well (peri-implantitis). Infection can be caused by various risk factors, such as inadequate hygiene and patient compliance...

Bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque score (PS), and probing depth (PD) can be recorded to monitor the peri-implant soft tissues and to identify eventual problems of the underlying bone, although the correlation of probing depth with crestal bone height falls as a site exhibits...

Checking the single-tooth implant-supported restoration is part of the regular recall visit of a patient. Items of checking the restoration are occlusion, attrition of occlusal surfaces, mobility of the restoration and fracture...