Physiological salivary output is 0.75 to 1.5 liters per day, with most originating from the submandibular glands. Saliva is a lubricant and has a complex set of protective and healing functions for the oral cavity. It adheres instantly to...

Radiographical check-ups to evaluate bone levels cannot be repeated too often to avoid unnecessary radiation. Monitoring the overlying soft tissues may help to identify eventual problems of the underlying bone, although the correlation...

A universally accepted definition of ideal occlusion has been elusive. This is because an ideal occlusion can only be defined in broad terms of a physiological range of form and function. Functional aspects of occlusion, rather than specific anatomical...

Examination of existing dentures provides invaluable information on patients’ perceptions of teeth and soft tissue esthetics, including facial vertical dimension support. It also informs clinicians regarding their patients’ overall...

Successful oral rehabilitation of edentulous patients with removable prostheses demands careful adherence to a clinical protocol.
Clinical objectives are met by using a routine clinical protocol that includes most or all of the following steps...

Relevant risk factors for implant treatment:

• Children and adolescents (during ongoing bone/skeletal development), unless in selected anodontia patients. However, implant placement for orthodontic treatment purposes is indicated.
• Uncontrolled metabolic diseases such as Diabetes Mellit...

Parafunctional activities can apply high forces to both implant and prosthetic components. These forces can lead to fracture or loosening of screws and abutments, chipping of the veneering material or fracture of the prosthetic reconstruction...

The lecture reviews the treatment of a failed bridge restoration supported by implants and natural teeth. Dr Gamborena and L Rutten explain the treatment sequence and the cooperation between the clinic and the dental lab. The lecture discusses patient motivation, treatment options...

The presentation explains the treatment approach and treatment steps in a complex unilateral case with two fractured upper central and lateral teeth. Dr van Dooren reviews the diagnostic tools and highlights the additional insights patient videos can provide e.g. regarding the...

A 64-year-old male patient complained about the poor masticatory performance of his partial removable dentures. An All-on-4® treatment concept was chosen as a restorative solution in the upper and lower jaw.

Over the recent years dentistry has undergone a considerable evolution, providing new technologies and materials, and become more digital. The challenge and opportunity is to combine digital technologies, esthetics and function. Dr Touati and Jean-Marc Etienne discuss long distance...

Peri-implantitis is an infection around implants associated with the presence of submucosal bacterial biofilm, with the biofilm microorganisms adhering and hiding on irregular surface structures such as the rough implant surface, crown margin areas and unfavorably designed...

What can go wrong when restoring a full-arch with immediate provisionalization ? Dr Parrish gives insight in the most common complications and pitfalls and how they can be avoided. Often failures are due to human errror. Implant component failures are rare, provided premium quality...

A 72-year-old female patient was affected by the poor fit of her existing mandibular complete denture, especially the constant movement while chewing. The final treatment included a new maxillary complete denture and a mandibular implant fixed complete denture. 

A 22-year-old football player suffered from a traumatic injury which led to an avulsion of his maxillary left central incisor. The treatment selected was the placement of a single crown on tooth #11 FDI (#8 US) and a single implant to replace tooth #21 FDI (#9 US).