Attachment selection

The relative merits of different prosthodontic treatment objectives - resilient versus rigid attachments - are controversial and empirical. A resilient retention mechanism is recommended on the assumption that this will protect implants from overload; while in...

The patient with a terminal dentition and who faces total teeth extractions can choose from a number of treatment options from immediate complete denture to one of the implant supported protocols.
Immediate dentures are chosen by patients who are unwilling...

To achieve good long term results, regular recall control appointments should be scheduled. Ideally, recall appointments take place at least every 6 months for a systemic review of the general health...

The overall aim after implant placement concerning the periimplant bone height is to minimize marginal bone loss. However, several bone remodelling processes that occur after implant placement lead to periimplant bone loss and the establishment of...

Wound closure ensures and accelerates wound healing by protecting the site and influencing migration of keratinocytes over the granulation tissue. Some wound eversion maximizes epidermal approximation. Square knots, with two ties in one direction and a reverse...

As described in Patient Assessment, a thorough evaluation of patient factors influencing whether to proceed with surgical therapy is relevant.
Depending on the tpe of surgery prescribe pre-operative medication (for example antibiotic coverage), if...

Oral endosseous implants are successful even longterm in the edentulous jaws. After insertion implants osseointegrate. This process is characterized by the development of an intimate bone contact with the implant surface. The direct anchoring of bone to the implant predicts the...

Some patients present with soft and hard tissue defects that cannot be addressed by a fixed implant prosthesis when esthetics, phonetics and oral hygiene access are considered. In these patients who have struggled...

The human face represents a small proportion of the body’s surface; but it embodies our social identities and is a major vehicle for interpersonal communication. Facial appearance reflects inherited characteristics on which may be...

Diagnosis is a Greek word that means discern or distinguish; thus, diagnosis is a cognitive experience. The diagnostic process was originally based on interrogation, inspection, auscultation, olfaction and palpation. With advancement in medical...

Intra-oral radiography can provide sufficiently diagnostic information regarding a dentition and also, in many instances, also yield the necessary pre-surgical planning information for implant surgery. If panoramic radiography is not available...

Saliva plays a significant role in the preservation and maintenance of oral health and function. It supports digestion by preparing food for mastication and swallowing, contributes to taste perception, facilitates speech communication and provides oral tissues...

The gingiva is tightly connected to the underlying periosteum. It is globally keratinized and has a stippled surface. Its color varies from pink to brown or even black, depending on race and/or melanin deposits. It can be distinguished from alveolar mucosa, which...

Most patients’ mouth opening readily permits access for routine prosthodontic and surgical treatment interventions. Limited mouth opening or microstomia is encountered in patients exposed to sclerodermia, diffuse systemic...

Optimal esthetic treatment outcomes require a harmonious reconciliation between lip morhology and teeth positioning. Lips provide a picture frame for the anterior teeth that support them; with mouth size and labial contours depending on genetically...